#include <stdio.h>  // printf()
#include <stdlib.h> // exit()

#define PI (3.1415926535897932385L)
#define TXTFILE "hw#2a.dat"
#define BINFILE "hw#2b.dat"

#define TXT_READ
#define BIN_READ

int main(void)
{
	FILE *fp;

	float flt_pi;
	double dbl_pi;
	long double ldbl_pi;
	char char_m;
	int int_m;
	long long_m;

	char string[32] = "A two line\nASCII string.\n";
	int i;

	flt_pi = PI;
	dbl_pi = PI;
	ldbl_pi = PI;

	char_m = 100;
	int_m = 100;
	long_m = 100;

	printf("%i ", '\n');
	// Writing data to the screen in various ways.
	printf("Various ways of writing floating point data (some wrong).\n");
	printf("%24.20f\n",  flt_pi);
	printf("%24.20lf\n", flt_pi);
	printf("%24.20Lf\n", flt_pi);
	printf("%24.20f\n",  dbl_pi);
	printf("%24.20lf\n", dbl_pi);
	printf("%24.20Lf\n", dbl_pi);
	printf("%24.20f\n",  ldbl_pi);
	printf("%24.20lf\n", ldbl_pi);
	printf("%24.20Lf\n", ldbl_pi);

	printf("Various ways of writing integer data (some wrong).\n");
	printf("%c\n",  char_m);
	printf("%i\n",  char_m);
	printf("%li\n", char_m);
	printf("%c\n",  int_m);
	printf("%i\n",  int_m);
	printf("%li\n", int_m);
	printf("%c\n",  long_m);
	printf("%i\n",  long_m);
	printf("%li\n", long_m);

	printf("Various ways of writing character data.\n");
	printf("%s", string);
	for(i = 0; string[i] != '\0'; i++)
		printf("%c", string[i]);

	fp = fopen(TXTFILE, "wt");
	if(NULL == fp)
	{
		printf("Failed to open %s for writing text.\n", TXTFILE);
		exit(1);
	}

	fprintf(fp, "%s", string);
	for(i = 0; string[i] != '\0'; i++)
		fprintf(fp, "%c", string[i]);
	fprintf(fp, "%f\n",   dbl_pi);
	fprintf(fp, "%Lf\n", ldbl_pi);
	fprintf(fp, "%c\n",   int_m);
	fprintf(fp, "%i\n",   int_m);
	fprintf(fp, "%li\n", long_m);
	fclose(fp);

	fp = fopen(BINFILE, "wb");
	if(NULL == fp)
	{
		printf("Failed to open %s for writing binary.\n", BINFILE);
		exit(1);
	}

	fwrite(string, 1, 32, fp);
	for(i = 0; string[i] != '\0'; i++)
		fwrite(&string[i], 1, 1, fp);
	fwrite(&string[i], 1, 1, fp);

	fwrite(&flt_pi,  sizeof(flt_pi),  1, fp);
	fwrite(&dbl_pi,  sizeof(dbl_pi),  1, fp);
	fwrite(&ldbl_pi, sizeof(ldbl_pi), 1, fp);

	fwrite(&char_m,  sizeof(char_m),  1, fp);
	fwrite(&int_m,   sizeof(int_m),   1, fp);
	fwrite(&long_m,  sizeof(long_m),  1, fp);

	fclose(fp);

	#ifdef TXT_READ
	// Read the data from the previously written text file
	fp = fopen(TXTFILE, "rt");
	if(NULL == fp)
	{
		printf("Failed to open %s for reading text.\n", TXTFILE);
		exit(1);
	}

	printf("\nContents of Text File:\n\n");

	// The statements in the following block of code are not in order
	// Reorganize them so that the screen display exactly matches the file
	{
		fgets(string, 40, fp);                 //
		fscanf(fp, "%lf\n", &dbl_pi);          //
		fgets(string, 40, fp);                 //
		fscanf(fp, "%s", string);              //
		char_m = getc(fp);                     //
		printf("%li\n", long_m);               //    .
		printf("%s\n", string);                //    C
		fscanf(fp, "%s", string);              //    D
		printf("%f\n", dbl_pi);                //    H
		fgets(string, 40, fp);                 //    S
		getc(fp);                              //    a
		int_m = atoi(string);                  //    a
		fgets(string, 40, fp);                 //    a
		printf("%s", string);                  //    a
		fscanf(fp, "%s", string);              //    a
		printf("%s ", string);                 //    d
		printf("%Lf\n", ldbl_pi);              //    d
		fscanf(fp, "%li", &long_m);            //    e
		printf("%s ", string);                 //    e
		printf("%s", string);                  //    e
		printf("%c", '\n');                    //    o
		fgets(string, 40, fp);                 //    r
		ldbl_pi = _atold(string);              //    r
		printf("%s", string);                  //    s
		fgets(string, 40, fp);                 //    t
		putchar(char_m);                       //    t
		printf("%i\n", int_m);                 //    v
	}
	#endif

	#ifdef BIN_READ
	// Read the data from the previously written binary file
	fp = fopen(BINFILE, "rb");
	if(NULL == fp)
	{
		printf("Failed to open %s for reading text.\n", TXTFILE);
		exit(1);
	}

	printf("\nContents of Binary File:\n\n");

	// Using the byte-by-byte contents of the data file, determine why
	// the following block of code produces the results that it does.
	// In other words, execute the statements manually and see if you
	// get the same results.
	//
	// Then reorder the statements so that they behave is they would be
	// expected to.
	{
		i = -1;
		do
		{
			fread(&string[i], 1, 1, fp);
			i++;
		} while (string[i] != '\0');
		fread(&int_m, sizeof(int_m), 1, fp); printf("%i\n", int_m);
		printf("%s", string);
		fread(string, 1, 32, fp); printf("%s", string);
		fread(&long_m, sizeof(long_m), 1, fp); printf("%li\n", long_m);
		fread(&char_m, sizeof(char_m), 1, fp); printf("%c\n", char_m);
		fread(&flt_pi, sizeof(flt_pi), 1, fp); printf("%g\n", flt_pi);
		fread(&dbl_pi, sizeof(dbl_pi), 1, fp); printf("%g\n", dbl_pi);
		fread(&ldbl_pi, sizeof(ldbl_pi), 1, fp); printf("%Lg\n", ldbl_pi);
	}
	fclose(fp);
	#endif

	return(0);
}